PCOS and Reproductive Healthcare

Ovarian Cyst

An ovarian cyst is any collection of fluid, surrounded by a very thin wall, within an ovary. Any ovarian follicle that is larger than about two centimetres is termed an ovarian cyst. Such cysts range in size from as small as a pea to larger than an orange. Ovarian cysts occur in women of all ages including neonatal period and even infancy. They are most prevalent during infancy, adolescence and during the childbearing years. With ultrasonography ovarian cysts can be demonstrated in nearly all premenopausal and approximately 18% postmenopausal women

Polycystic ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disorder of uncertain cause. There is strong evidence that it is a genetic disease. Such evidences include the familial clustering of cases, greater concordance in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins and heritability of endocrine and metabolic features of PCOS.

Ovarian cancer warning signs include ongoing pain or cramps in the lower abdomen or back, abnormal vaginal bleeding, nausea, and bloating. Depending on the cancer stage, ovarian cancer treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy

There are two types of Ovarian Cyst Surgery

Laparoscopy

Most cysts can be removed using laparoscopy. This is a type of keyhole surgery where small cuts are made on the abdominal surface and gas is blown into the pelvis to allow the surgeon to access your ovaries.

Laparotomy

During a laparotomy, a single, larger cut is made on the abdominal surface to give the surgeon a better access to the cyst. The whole cyst and ovary may be removed and sent to a laboratory to check whether it's cancerous or not. Stitches or staples are used to close the incision.