5^thWorld Congress on PCOS and Reproductive Healthcare July 19-20, 2019 Atlanta, Georgia, USA

“Infertility” is a term used to describe the inability of a couple to get pregnant or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to term.Infertility is defined clinically as not being able to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of having regular, unprotected intercourse, or after 6 months if the woman is older than 35 years of age.

Many different medical conditions and other factors can contribute to fertility problems, and an individual case may have a single cause, several causes, or—in some cases—no identifiable cause

Hormones are the chemical messengers in the body that travel through the bloodstream to the organs and tissues. They work slowly via feedback mechanisms with other glands and organs, affecting many of the body's processes over time. Endocrine glands, which are special groups of cells, generate hormones. The infertility rates due to polycystic ovaries are very high. Women usually will have difficulty getting pregnant - and usually require treatment to improve chances of pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases which accompanies high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

An ovarian cyst is any collection of fluid, surrounded by a very thin wall, within an ovary. Any ovarian follicle that is larger than about two centimetres is termed an ovarian cyst. Such cysts range in size from as small as a pea to larger than an orange. Ovarian cysts occur in women of all ages including neonatal period and even infancy. They are most prevalent during infancy, endocrine and metabolic features of PCOS.

Ovarian cancer warning signs include ongoing pain or cramps in the lower abdomen or back, abnormal vaginal bleeding, nausea, and bloating. Depending on the cancer stage, ovarian cancer treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy

There are two types of Ovarian Cyst Surgery

Laparoscopy

Most cysts can be removed using laparoscopy. This is a type of keyhole surgery where small cuts are made on the abdominal surface and gas is blown into the pelvis to allow the surgeon to access your ovaries.

Laparotomy

During a laparotomy, a single, larger cut is made on the abdominal surface to give the surgeon a better access to the cyst. The whole cyst and ovary may be removed and sent to a laboratory to check whether it's cancerous or not. Stitches or staples are used to close the incision.

Endometrial cancer is a cancer which arises from the endometrium. It is a result of the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The first sign is most often vaginal bleeding not associated with menstrual periods. Other symptoms include pain with urination or sexual intercourse, or pelvic pain. Endometrial cancer occurs most commonly after menopause. Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles.

Dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and obesity are all potent cardiovascular risk factors that tend to cluster in women with PCOS. However, it is not known whether the increased cardiovascular risks seen in PCOS are mediated through obesity and is independent of body mass index (BMI) and the result of other metabolic factors.

Obste­trics is commonly known as the branch what manages the study of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. based on the consequent changes in the surgical methods it is combined with the Gynecological department and it is genuinely referred to as Obstetrics and Gynecology as a surgical field. This field of obstetrics is associated with gynecological conditions like Polycystic ovarian disorder (PCOS) which has a vast and varied relation with the women bearing pregnancy this PCOS consequence has an utmost effect on reproductive women. like lifts the hindrances to a ladies to get pregnant there are a few variables which incorporate PCOS and causing a deterrent for the pregnancy, the major factor is excess of insulin production in a circulatory system that which leads to the decrease in metabolism, Thereby causes dysfunction of pancreases. Women with PCOS can experience Gestational Diabetes, Preeclampsia. This leads to the maternal mortalitythe main causes of the maternal mortality are maternal bleeding maternal sepsis. There is no difference between symptoms and complication /Discomfort of pregnancy.

• Basics of Breast Diseases related to OB/GYN
• Operative Obstetrics
• Recent Advances in Medical and Surgical Management
• Normal Pregnancy, Labour & Puerperium
• Operative Gynecology
• Anatomy in Females of Genitourinary System, Abdomen, Pelvis , Pelvic Floor , Anterior Abdominal Wall and Breast.
• Principles and Practice of Oncology in Gynecology
• Infections in Pregnancy
• Endocrinology of Pregnancy
• Lactation Support
• Prostate Cancer
• The Effect of the IUD on the Ultrastructure of the Endometrium
• Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
• Recent Advances in Gynecology
• Physiology of Menstruation and Ovulation
• Placenta - Development, Structure, Functions

<p 0px="" a="" background-color:="" carry="" child="" color:="" conceive="" describe="" font-family:="" font-size:="" inability="" infertility="" is="" man="" margin:="" n="" of="" or="" p="" pregnancy="" roboto="" span="" style="\" box-sizing:"="" term="" text-align:="" the="" to="" used="" woman=""> Ovulation is the result of a maturation process which occurs in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and is orchestrated by a neuroendocrine cascade terminating in the ovaries. Any alteration results in a failure to release a mature ovum, leading to anovulatory cycles. Anovulation may manifest in a variety of clinical presentations, from luteal insufficiency to oligomenorrhea.

Anovulation is a not a disease but a sign, much in the same way as that of the which polycystic ovaries manifestation which is part of a much larger disease process.

Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal. Even a slight rise in blood pressure may be a sign of preeclampsia.

Drugs used in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) include metformin (off-label use), spironolactone, eflornithine, and oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives containing a combination of oestrogen and progestin increase sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) levels and thereby reduce the free testosterone level. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are also suppressed. This restores cyclic exposure of the endometrium to estrogen-progestin, with the resumption of menstrual periods and decreased hirsutism. However, the use of oral contraceptives may be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and metabolic abnormalities.

Reproductive Medicine in Gynecology is ever growing area. The quantity of Research institutes which are working on reproductive medicine are approximately 120 and the number of Universities are around 20-30 which have the department of Medicine and the funding towards this research is over $90000 - $110000, Target audience are of Academia 20%, half industry and 30% of others. Reproductive medicine is a part of medicine which focuses on prevention, diagnosis and management of the reproductive problems. The goals include improving or maintaining reproductive health and allowing people to have children at a time of their choice as discussed in many gynecologic conferences and gynecologic meetings worldwide. It is centered around learning of regenerative life systems, physiology and endocrinology which additionally fuses important parts of atomic science, natural chemistry and pathology. Regenerative prescription underlines on procedure of supplanting, designing or recovering human cells, tissues or organs to reestablish/set up typical capacity.

• Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction
• Regenerative Medicine and Their Application
• Personalized Reproductive Medicine
• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Reproductive Cloning
• Hysteroscopy Prior to Assisted Reproductive Technique
• Biomarkers in Reproductive Medicine
• Prenatal Diagnosis Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasound

PCOS as a kapha disorder. Kapha having first affected the digestive fire – jatharaagni starts to affect the metabolic aspect of the seven tissues called dhatu agni. Each dhatu agni is responsible for the nourishment and formation of that particular tissue that it resides in.

insulin-resistant features, and girls born to mothers with PCOS, central obesity, or diabetes in whom PCOS ought to be suspected when associated with irregular menses.

The endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure which involves taking a tissue sample from the lining of the uterus. The tissue subsequently undergoes a histologic evaluation which aids the physician in formulating a diagnosis.

Reproductive-age women today. PCOS is a heterogeneous condition, both clinically and biochemically. The prevalence of PCOS is reported to be anywhere between 4% and 12%, with mild racial variations. 

The menstrual irregularity of PCOS typically manifests in the peripubertal period, although some women may apparently have regular cycles at first and subsequently develop menstrual irregularity in association with weight gain. Menstrual irregularities include mild or severe oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. Anovulation is very common in the presence of mild oligomenorrhea, and also when normal cycles are present.

Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. Weight loss can either occur unintentionally due to malnourishment or an underlying disease or arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, often shortened to PCOS is a condition which affects approximately 10-15% of women within reproductive age. PCOS affect the ovaries, the organs in a woman’s body which produce eggs, and typically means that there are a number of minute cysts around the edge of the ovaries, hence the term polycystic. It is also characterised by excess production of androgens (male-type hormones such as testosterone).

Defining alterations of steroidogenesis in PCOS should quantify ovarian, adrenal and extraglandular contributions, as well as clearly defined blood reference levels by some universal standard. Intraovarian regulation of follicle development and mechanisms of follicle arrest should be further elucidated.

low thyroid hormone levels in blood or elevated levels of a milk-producing hormone .Also, tumors of the ovary or adrenal glands can produce elevated male hormone levels in blood that cause acne or excess hair growth, mimicking symptoms of PCOS.

Ultrasound imaging employs no injected dyes or radiation and is safe for all patients including pregnant women. It can also detect cysts in the kidneys of a foetus.

Is a disease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside the uterus. Its main symptoms are pelvic pain and infertility. Nearly half of the patients suffering from this encounters chronic pelvic pain, while in 70% of them pain occurs during menstruation. Pain during sex is also common. Infertility occurs in up to half of the people. Less common symptoms include urinary or bowel symptoms. About 25% of women have no symptoms. Endometriosis can have both social and psychological effects. Hormonal contraceptives birth control pills, patches and vaginal rings help control the hormones responsible for the buildup of endometrial tissue each month.